Things you need:

• Arduino
• Printer USB cable (Type B)
• Arduino Software

For linux you can run the software from bash or make a script. It is good to do sudo so you have all permissions for ports

• $arduino

After running the program, you can make or upload scripts. then comile and load

many examples in this document show examples of code. Unless in a code box, the examples will start with $ and follow some of hte principals in the linux page on this wiki.

IDEA!!!!!: Can write examples of if then (etc) operations of what would hapen if, and so on in the comments.

• 2015-03-14 Left off at:http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/AnalogReadSerial

Minimum for a script:

void setup() {                   
 }
void loop() {
 }

/*
 you can write notes that will not be part of the scripte with forward slash star
then star forward slash to end
*/

• // You can also do just forward slash, forward slash space for a single line

End of line

• Use semicolen at the end of each line, ex:
• $pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

Unless othersiwse stated, pins are just indicated by numbers such as this indicated pin 13 on the actual board:

• pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

• $delay([milliseconds]);
• This sets a delay

Cast is a way of converting one type of data, to another type,

• such as float to int
• $([type])[var]
• type is things like float or int
• var is any variable or constant
• Example (to change a float brightness to a int brightness

float bright = sensorValue * (255.0 / 1023.0);
int bint; // a way to define an int name, but give no value
float bflo; // define float name, but give no value
bflo = bright; // sets what value the float is
bint = (int)bflo; // this is the cast directive 
analogWrite(led, bint); // for this example, it would cast the light as an int through a pwm pin and allow it to be an integer between 0-255

Before setup you can define things such as int

More:http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Setup. “The setup() function is called when a sketch starts. Use it to initialize variables, pin modes, start using libraries, etc. The setup function will only run once, after each powerup or reset of the Arduino board. ”

• $int [var] = [x]:
• This will define an integer with
• [var]
• name of integer
• x
• Any 16 bit number which is between -32,768 and 32,768.
• If larger see:
• http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Int
• Can also make x a sensor value or other things. ex:
• int sensorvalue = analogRead(A0);

• float [var] = [val];
• [var]
• name of float
• [val]
• 32bit number meant for decimal point value

• long [var] = [val][L]
• for ding larger numbers that are 32bit but integers.
• If doing math with integers, need to have L at end of number
• ex:
• long speedOfLight - 186000L

const

• $const [type] [name] = [var]
• A constant will not change, so you can not use operations to change the int or float

unsigned

• $unsigned [type] [name] = [var]
• Unsigned will use the bit available per type in only positive.
• for example for int, it will used:0 to 65,535
• instead of -32,768 and 32,768

• $pinMode([pin], [configuration]);
• http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalPins
• [pin] an be a number, or if defined int earlier, that int definition
• [configuration]
• INPUT
• Requires very little impedence to take an input
• OUTPUT
• Send 40mA of curent
• Note: it is a good idea to connect OUTPUT pins to other devices with 470Ω or 1k resistors, unless maximum current draw from the pins is required for a particular application. “
• INPUT_PULLUP
• This needs more explanation but basically changes the ohm resistance for better? or Varied? inputs
• $digitalWrite([pin], [value])
• [pin]
• number of pin, or constant
• [value]
• HIGH
• sends 5V (3.3V on 3.3V Boards)
• Low
• sends 0V

read

• $digitalRead([pin])
• will read whatever value is active on [pin], often set is INPUT
• may need to

read analog

• $analogRead([pin])
• Will give an analog read between 0-1023 (10bit)

if else

if ([if formula])
{
 // then do this
}
else {
// then do this
}

• Do not need else forumla as it will follow after if
• can do:

else if ([if then formula)
{
// Then do this
}

• and chain together other paremiters, but be sure to end with basic else
• Do not need else, but watch out

• x == y (x is equal to y) !!! important to use 2 equals
• x != y (x is not equal to y)
• x < y (x is less than y)
• x > y (x is greater than y)
• x ⇐ y (x is less than or equal to y)
• x >= y (x is greater than or equal to y)
• [equation] || [equation] (|| equals OR)
• ! (equals NOT)
• && (equals AND)

• http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Serial
• Some pins are auto serial (kinda like the auto 5V or GND)
• But you can define a pin with:
• $Serial.[options]([var]);
• [options]
• .begin
• Will beging sending output via the serial port at whatever baud rate. ex:
• $Serial.begin(9600)
• Note: This only initializes the serial communication so you most likely want to put it in the setup area.
• .println
• This will send the serial the variablable. Such as:
• Serial.println([varialbe])
• Note: the variable here is not a pin, it needs to be something like an actual number, letter (ASCII) or an int defined somewhere else.
• .print(”[text]“)
• in this option, it will print text within the parenthesis
• [baud]
• The baud rate of the signal. Usually 9600

• $millis()
• will return the ammount of millisconds since the prgrams has started

• PWM = Pulse width modulation. Basically an analog modulation variable that sends an analog signal
• It can set the modulation at 8bit or 0-255. ex:
• analogWrite(127) which is about half.